Panera case analysis

Panera case analysis Executive summary Problem Statement The restaurant industry is very competitive and Panera has to overcome the many challenges including new entrants and high expenses in order for it to continue making profits.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Panera case analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis There are many problems being faced by Panera and they have come up with strategies that give them an edge over other similar businesses. Some of the problems and strategies used by Panera include: The ease of accessibility of alternatives to the dishes offered at Panera. An example is coffee, which can be swapped with any stimulative drink. They have overcome this challenge by providing a relaxing and comfy environment. New entrants in the restaurant business can reduce the number of sales for Panera. They have been able to overcome this by providing a variety of dishes in their menus and changing the menus consta ntly. The buyer can choose to go elsewhere if the food is monotonous or poor service delivery. To ensure customer satisfaction, the service at Panera is excellent and the quality of food exceptional. This way, their rating by law is high, and attractive to consumers. To overcome challenges that may arise due to unreliability of the suppliers, Panera buys its ingredients from multiple businesses, and does its own delivery of the bread. Panera faces high transport costs due to the few branches located within the dough delivery region. The distance covered requires that the tracks be refrigerated, which is quite expensive. Alternatives For Panera to maintain its competitive edge over similar businesses, it has to come up with workable strategies such as: Venturing in the catering business more, so that it can increase its sales and draw more people to its restaurants. Provide a broader menu to accommodate more fruits and other healthy dishes suitable for dinner, so that they can incr ease sales during off-peak hours. Recommendation To reduce the expenses incurred due to long travel distances in delivery of dough, Panera should open more branches in these regions, so that the cost of delivery can be distributed. Opening cafes in new areas would also increase their market share. Implementation The opening of new cafes and increasing the variety in menus would require strategic advertising. Panera is known for providing an aesthetic environment and healthy foods. This should be their primary focus when advertising. Expansion of their catering services in new communities would also help to draw more people to their restaurants. Panera case analysis Introduction About $1 billion is spent by US consumers at eating establishments, making the restaurant industry very competitive. There are many fears in the industry including the struggle to make profits as well as the entry of new competitors. The main competitors of Panera in specialty foods and fast informal dining are Subway, Starbucks and McDonald’s. The competition that Panera faces comes from various directions, including both the local and national markets (Locke, 2008). One of the strategies used by Panera in order to stay profitable is the regular review and revision of their menus. This is aimed at meeting the requirements of the different seasons of the year, satisfying the changing preferences of the customers and maintaining the interest of the usual customers (Locke, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Main problems facing the firm and their solutions Threat imposed by alternatives One of the problems facing Panera is the availability of substitutes to their coffee selections and atmosphere. The fact that food is a basic need means that people have to consume something, which implies that the market is ever present. The problem lies in the variety of pla ces available for people to eat (Locke, 2008). The atmosphere at Panera is one that allows for people to work and hold meetings. The alternative to this is that people can choose to do their work from the comfort of their houses or meet in the workplace (Locke, 2008). Panera has overcome this by providing a distraction free and serene surrounding that is necessary to perform well in their duties. Coffee is one of the main menu items for Panera, and it can be easily substituted with a power drink. The provision of such an alternative could limit the number of people going for coffee at Panera, though the chances of switching from one to the other is low, and the market for coffee is therefore not diminishing (Locke, 2008). Threat imposed by new restaurant businesses This is a threat since the people who can get into the business is unlimited due to the few barriers to entry including minimal government regulations, no need for a patent and lack of technological shortcomings. There ar e new restaurants opening up in various places due to the high demand imposed by customers who like eating in new and different places. At the same time, the restaurants are short lived due to poor delivery of services, including menus that do not meet customer needs and dining events that are unsatisfactory. The motivation for opening up new restaurants is consumer adventure, since consumers like to visit new places. Panera keeps up with new business ventures by altering their menus regularly, in order to meet the periodical needs and diets of the clients (Thompson, 2009). Bargaining power of the buyer The consumers have access to information regarding value and nourishment which makes the restaurant industry very competitive. The patrons can easily switch to other restaurants if their preferences are not satisfied, which means that the conditions and quality maintained by these restaurants must be high and satisfactory. It is easy for a customer to change their eating place from P anera, since the only variable may be the cost of food (Thompson, 2009). Panera is well aware of this, and solves the problem by providing the customers with a wide variety of menu items. The customers can therefore enjoy various items on different days of the week.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Panera case analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The power of the consumer is greatly increased due to the accessibility of information regarding the restaurant industry. The food products are provided with nutrition information, and this is appealing to the customers. Restaurants are also required by law to post inspection results in a visible place, and therefore poor results may be bad for business (Thompson, 2009). Bargaining power of the supplier Panera makes their bread on a daily basis as it is their number one product. They also have their own transport tracks that provide the bread to stores within a 500 mile radius daily, which makes the delivery fully controllable (Thompson, 2009). To increase their efficiency, they ensure that the suppliers have limited control over the cost of products. This is achieved by contracting various suppliers for the ingredients. This means that the shift from one supplier to the other is relatively easy for them, which ensures that the suppliers making the deliveries do so promptly and error free. Panera is able to control the costs of supplies by use of contracts with both the suppliers and distributors. Panera is therefore very cautious with its presentation and reliability to the market, by ensuring that the prices of supplies remain unchanged, using contracts (Thompson, 2009). Strategies used by Panera One of their main strategies is the provision of a menu with wide variety, and good service delivery in an inviting ambience. People who lack the time to dine in traditional restaurants appreciate quality foods contained in Panera’s menus. The pr ovision of freshly baked bread is also advantageous to Panera, since the customers can be assured that there is no musty bread. Panera provides a comfortable setting, which includes comfortable seating and the provision of Wi-Fi connections, suitable for customers during any time of the day. This, added to their strategic location in the urban and suburban areas encourages the customers to stay longer (Locke, 2008). Panera has ensured consistency in the quality of its products especially bread, by creating strong networks with the suppliers. They also have a variety of suppliers who provide them with the essential products, which denies them leverage, therefore enabling costs within the franchises to remain low. The facilities responsible for the supply of dough are strategically located throughout the country, and this ensures fresh supply of dough (Locke, 2008). Panera provides its customers with a unique dining experience. This is achieved by welcoming atmosphere, the designs of the cages as well as the variety of foods provided in the menus.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike other restaurants that prefer to remain small, Panera restaurants are large, which is advantageous to them since they can prepare a variety of meals, and therefore tend to attract customers with a variety of taste. Their large operations allow them to keep their prices lower than the traditional restaurants, and provide fast delivery of meals, which allows the customers to enjoy their meals and ambiance with no rush (Locke, 2008). One of the problems faced by Panera is the huge sum of money spent in transportation of fresh dough to its cafes. The distance travelled by the tracks is at least 300 miles, and the deliveries are made to only six branches. Due to the distance, the temperature of the tracks has to be controlled. Investors in Panera have been discouraged by the large capital requirement, since potential owners are required to simultaneously open twelve restaurants. This requires people to invest about $1 million. Panera provides a variety of dishes in its menus, whic h broadens its target market, enabling them to create loyalty within its customers (Locke, 2008). Current issues facing Panera Increasing competition in the fast-casual food industry has been one of the biggest contributors to the reducing profits at Panera. At the same time, their stringent operating criterion has raised the expenses, with the costs of administration being much higher. Panera has penetrated larger markets though it is unable to open stores faster than the competition, due to the requirement that every new owner must open a minimum of fifteen cafes at once, which is expensive for them (Locke, 2008). Due to this reason, Panera has been unable to penetrate individual communities that can provide them with more opportunities. Recommendations The fast-casual dining industry is very competitive, and in order for Panera to minimize its expenses and maximize on profits, it needs to: Open more cafes within a particular region Open new cafes to cater for individual communit ies and Invest more in the catering services Advertise the use of natural ingredients in their meals Provide menus for off-peak hours One of the expenses that Panera experiences is the transportation of dough over long distances to very few stores, two in Miami and several in Dallas (Thompson, 2009). In order to compete with the other restaurants like Starbucks, they need to open mores stores in these areas. This will increase the number of stores within the travelling distance of the dough tracks, hence improving on the efficiency of delivery and reducing the overall expenses. In addition to this, there are many markets that Panera has neglected, which would appreciate their artistic and lovely environment as well as their quality meals. Such a move would result in the creation of more cafes by the owners in the region, and their familiarity with the population would enable them to cater for the varying needs of the patrons, allowing them to gain the loyalty of the masses (Thompso n, 2009). New York would be a nice place to open a few cafes. The catering services would be in a position to expand due to the good reputation that Panera has within the societies, and its expansion in new and current markets. Panera would be able to meet the needs of its consumers easily by opening more cafes, which would also increase its market share and consequently bring more people to its restaurants. Expansion through catering would be good for Panera to grow its restaurant’s brand. Advertising is important for the success of any business. Since Panera is known for the provision of a diverse and healthy menu, advertising by letting people know of their use of natural ingredients would attract more patrons to their restaurants. They would also attract more customers if they expanded their menus in order to accommodate more options that are suitable for patrons who prefer to dine during off-peak hours, therefore increasing their sales (Thompson, 2009). Implementation of the strategies Expansion of the catering division would allow Panera to venture into new markets without changing their brand image, therefore increasing their sales. By taking advantage of their already popular healthy meals, with many vegetables, Panera should increase its variety of fruit choices in the menus, which would draw more people in to the restaurants. In addition to this, their menu contains healthy chicken, antibiotic-free, though most of its patrons are not aware (Thompson, 2009). A nice marketing strategy would be advantageous in making people aware of the healthy dishes that are available at Panera. This would definitely increase their sales since most people prefer to shop in groceries, and would not mind having a good healthy meal without preparing it themselves. The busiest hours for Panera are the lunch hours, due to their menus. More sales would be achieved if they were to introduce suitable dishes for dinner, which is an off-peak time. One of the dishes that could be added to the menus is a chicken dish or healthy pasta, which would complement their brand image (Thompson, 2009). References Locke, B. (2008). Panera Bread Company. Retrieved from https://scribd.com/doc/30761424/Panera-Case-Analysis Thompson, A. A. (2009). Panera Bread Company. Crafting and Executing Strategy: Concepts and Cases, 17th Edition.

Interesting Facts About Baryonyx

Interesting Facts About Baryonyx Baryonyx is a relatively recent addition to the dinosaur bestiary, and one that (despite its popularity) is still poorly understood. Here are 10 facts you may or may not have known about Baryonyx. Discovered in 1983 Considering how well-known it is, its remarkable that Baryonyx was excavated only a few decades ago, well after the golden age of dinosaur discovery. This theropods type fossil was discovered in England by the amateur fossil hunter William Walker; the first thing he noticed was a single claw, which pointed the way to a near-complete skeleton buried nearby. Greek for "Heavy Claw" Not surprisingly, Baryonyx (pronounced bah-RYE-oh-nicks) was named in reference to that prominent clawwhich, however, had nothing to do with the prominent claws of another family of carnivorous dinosaurs, the Raptors. Rather than a raptor, Baryonyx was a type of theropod closely related to Spinosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus. Spent Its Day Hunting for Fish The snout of Baryonyx was unlike that of most theropod dinosaurs: long and narrow, with rows of studded teeth. This has led paleontologists to conclude that Baryonyx prowled the edges of lakes and rivers, plucking fish out of the water. (Want more proof? Fossilized remnants of the prehistoric fish Lepidotes have been found in Baryonyxs stomach!) Oversized Claws on Its Thumbs The piscivorous (fish-eating) diet of Baryonyx points to the function of the oversized claws this dinosaur was named after: rather than using these scary-looking appendages to disembowel herbivorous dinosaurs (like its raptor cousins), Baryonyx dipped its longer-than-usual arms in the water and speared passing, wriggling fish. Close Relative of Spinosaurus As mentioned above, the western European Baryonyx was closely related to three African dinosaursSuchomimus, Carcharodontosaurus and the truly enormous Spinosaurusas well as the South American Irritator. All of these theropods were distinguished by their narrow, crocodile-like snouts, though only Spinosaurus sported a sail along its backbone. Remains Have Been Found All Over Europe As so often happens in paleontology, the identification of Baryonyx in 1983 laid the groundwork for future fossil discoveries. Additional specimens of Baryonyx were later unearthed in Spain and Portugal, and this dinosaurs debut prompted the re-examination of a forgotten trove of fossils from England, yielding yet another specimen. Almost Twice as Many Teeth as T. Rex Granted, the teeth of Baryonyx werent nearly as impressive as those of its fellow theropod, Tyrannosaurus Rex. As small as they were, though, Baryonyxs choppers were much more numerous, 64 relatively small teeth embedded in its lower jaw and 32 relatively bigger ones in its upper jaw (compared to about 60 total for T. Rex). Jaws Angled to Keep Prey From Wriggling Free As any fisherman will tell you, catching a trout is the easy part; keeping it from wriggling out of your hands is much harder. Like other fish-eating animals (including some birds and crocodiles), the jaws of Baryonyx were shaped so as to minimize the possibility that its hard-won meal could wriggle out of its mouth and flop back into the water. Lived During the Early Cretaceous Period Baryonyx and its spinosaur cousins shared one important characteristic: They all lived during the early to middle Cretaceous period, about 110 to 100 million years ago, rather than the late Cretaceous, like most other discovered theropod dinosaurs. Its anyones guess as to why these long-snouted dinosaurs didnt survive up until the K/T Extinction event 65 million years ago. May One Day Be Renamed "Suchosaurus" Remember the day when Brontosaurus was suddenly renamed Apatosaurus? That same fate may yet befall Baryonyx. It turns out that an obscure dinosaur named Suchosaurus (crocodile lizard), discovered in the middle 19th century, may actually have been a specimen of Baryonyx; if this is confirmed, the name Suchosaurus would take precedence in the dinosaur record books.

Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper Research

Communication and Personality in Negotiation - Research Paper Example He was able to purchase the unit from a dental supplies store just outside their university for $275. The class did not get the chance to use the unit fully until one month after the purchase. While he was using the unit, he observed that it was making an unnecessarily noisy sound which was not apparent with other dental cure units. After one or two more uses, the bearing in the unit gave way. He immediately went back to the dental supplies store to return the unit. The store clerk asked for his receipt and noticed that it was already one month after the purchase. The clerk also noticed that the unit did not have a label or tag that they said they normally place in all dental cure units released from their supplies store. He immediately wanted to talk to the manager but the sales clerk told him that the manager was busy and that if he wanted to have the unit repaired or replaced, he would have to pay for $50, which he did not have at the time. He left the dental supplies store and le ft a message that he would return. He then asked for my help since he knew I had some skills in negotiation. I accompanied my cousin back to the store the next day and confronted the manager. The manager recognized my cousin and asked what the problem was. So, my cousin relayed the scenario and wanted to have the unit replaced or repaired, whichever is most immediate. The manager first reviewed the receipt and questioned how come the unit was to be returned one month after purchase. The warranty period only stipulated 10 days after purchase. And, after further inspection, the manager questioned the lack of label or tag on the unit. He said that if my cousin wants to have it repaired, he needs to pay for $50. But if he wants to have it replaced, they do not have the same model of lower price and instead was offering another model where an additional $100 needs to be paid. This is where I came in. First, I thanked the manager for personally attending to our dilemma. Then, I explained to him that the reason why the unit was returned only now was because the class professor did not require them to use the unit completely previous to two days ago. I informed him that we have the cellphone number of the professor in case he wants to verify and validate our statement. Secondly, I informed him that as a dental supplies store, they have the obligation to check all their units for the labels and tags before their release. The fact that this unit does not have any tag or label means that it was defective in some way or the other – the reason why, only after one or two uses, the bearing gave in. In this regard, they have the obligation to the customer to replace the unit or repair it without extra cost to the customer. In the end, I noted, it is always good to accommodate the complaints of the customers and validate the contentions. The way that their positively resolve conflicts would put in a good image to their store. The manager was first insisting that my cous in must have replaced the unit with a defective one. My cousin interjected by saying that â€Å"why would I replace the unit with a defective one when I need the unit badly for my classes and I have no other access to other dental cure units? Why would I trouble myself to do something which would jeopardize my academic performance?† I am sure you remember me and I took the unit directly from you when I came here to purchase it, just a month ago.

Death and fate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death and fate - Essay Example This story thus tries to show how death is inevitable and despite efforts put in place, it will always find ways of capturing its victims. The story revolves around death and its inevitability. It portrays many traditions of the Gothic fiction thus presenting an allegory of death and fate. It is therefore important to study and know how different societies deal with death and the meanings behind their actions. Death in Different Societies Over the years, the mystery of death have stunned many individuals and because no one knows what happens when after death, different societies have come up with tales on the origin of death, causes of death and implications of death. Different people have different believes on death, but the vast majority view death as a form of punishment from a supreme being usually referred to as ‘god’ or ‘the ancestors’. Very few people have embraced the reality about death and view it as natural, many still believe that death occurs as a result of fate or punishment (Lynn 327). To broadly understand death in different societies, we will attempt to look at what the societies believe are the causes of death, what are the remedies to the stated cause and whether death is avoidable by any chance. Death According to the Muslim Societies According to the Muslim community, death is normally regarded as the ultimate completion or end of the physical life of an individual. The dead person is normally referred to as resting because, this society believes that, in the end, the dead will be resurrected by God normally referred to as Allah. Since the dead are only resting, they believe that those who were righteous are capable of seeing visions of Allah even in immortal state. The wicked on the other hand, usually see hell in their visions. According to the Muslim society, there is heaven where the dead will go after judgment (Ivone 174). This place however is restricted to the pure Muslims; non Muslims can only get to heaven after they have been purified in fire, commonly known as the purgatory. In Muslim society, religious legends are worshiped and specific shrines are built for their remembrance. To date, Prophet Mohammed is worshiped and every Muslim knows that he was the most righteous person who ever lived. As a way of recognizing this, special shrine is built in Mecca where Muslims Faithful usually visit to pay their tribute to this hero. This process is done annually. When a Muslim dies, he is supposed to be washed, wrapped in a white clean cloth and buried the same day. This is done to honor the dead and give him last respect. People know very little in what happens after one is buried and they just believes that he or she will be resurrected when time comes. Muslims also believe in a holy war called Jihad. In this war, if someone dies in an attempt to do the will or Allah, he is guaranteed heaven. This is why, some fighters like Osama, having been convinced that they were doing service to God, would do anything without being human enough to reconsider his actions. When he died, the best thing was to bury him under water to avoid shrines and a repeat of the same cycle. Death in Traditional African Society Many traditional practices according to many traditional practices are coiled around death and resurrection. Many individuals believe in the existence of semi-divine powers and the intercession of spirits (Aloysius and Joanne 68). It is therefore important to appease the spirits if one is to avoid the painful consequences of death. There are also

How Does Steinbeck Presents Curleys Wife in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How Does Steinbeck Presents Curleys Wife in of Mice and Men Essay Curley’s wife is a significant personality in the novel. John Steinbeck presents her in different ways during the novel and uses different methods to influence the reader’s judgement, for instance through her look, as she is a complex character. Significantly Steinbeck makes it clear that nurture turns her into the person she is in the novel, her nature is different. He uses language to show us who she is as revealed by colour and light symbolism; incongruity of her appearance and the setting; simile. For the majority of the book she is labelled in a negative way as a treacherous, kittenish character which could be interpreted as a replication of the way civilization observed the character of women in the novel. Sometimes, Steinbeck includes thoughts denouncing Curley’s wife. He also points out some of her good qualities. Due to this, readers can interpret for themselves if Steinbeck thinks highly of her, or if he does not like her. Nevertheless later in the book Steinbeck deploys the reader into seeing her as complex, and feeling consideration for Curley’s wife; revealing her as a victim, anxious and secluded in a man’s world. Although he may go back and forth on Curley’s wife, in the end, Steinbeck is mainly condemning her. Steinbeck explores her as attractive towards man through her beauty and an attention seeker. In the passage the first words that Steinbeck uses are that â€Å"Both men glanced up,† and through this we are introduced to Curley’s wife through her effect on men and not through any notion of herself, which Steinbeck does to show us she is only worthy for the use of men. The word glanced up shows that she want men to look at her for she is has the beauty of an actress. Not extended moment when Steinbeck exaggerates â€Å"the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway way cut off. † Here, Steinbeck uses the light symbolically to highlight how imposing she is and present the idea that she is the obstacle to a better life. The image of Curley’s wife casting a shadow across the bunkhouse hints at trouble to come later in the novel. It soon becomes apparent that Curley’s wife is an outsider of the group when it states, â€Å"A girl was standing there looking in,† hence is a metaphor for the segregation she senses. It could be insightful of the gender roles at the time; women were only desired for men’s erotic desires rather than their company. One could also deduce it as how likewise to a ‘girl’, (which she ironically is no longer), she is in search of thoughtfulness and requires all eyes to be on her by standing in the sight of the whole world and might be realised as attempting to listen in on their conversation – both very juvenile schemes. Therefore Steinbeck presents Curley’s Wife in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† as someone who is very eye-catching and courtesy inquirer. On the other hand, he portrays her as isolated and discriminated by men as she is excluded for being female, which sometimes lead to violence. This is illustrated when she is called ‘tart’, ‘jailbait’, and ‘bitch’ by the men on the ranch; henceforth the ranch is a very hostile and misogynistic place. Curley’s Wife is an outsider and seems very out of place. She is frequently found in examine for companionship on the ranch as her recently found marriage does not give her the warmth she desires, as she states to Lennie â€Å"I don’t like Curley he aint a nice fella,† and due to this she often tries to cooperate with the other men although she is never allowed as they think a â€Å"ranch aint no place for a girl. † Carlson also states of how a â€Å"women should be at home where she belongs. † The fact that she is excluded from a place of physical work is symptomatic of how women were exposed during the 1930’s. They were not predictable to do work, but in its place stay at home and raise a family. Curley’ wife feels apprehensive because of the solitude she feels and it is made clear she is exasperated with this condition, â€Å"none of them care how I gotta live. † Nonetheless, the reader is presented with a side to an apparently playful and occasionally vindictive character. In chapter 5, Steinbeck permits Curley’s Wife’s character to eloquent emotions of loneliness, â€Å"I get lonely† and â€Å"I get awful lonely†. The use of repetition is used to give emphasis to the remoteness and frustration of not being able to talk to â€Å"nobody but Curley†, her hindrance which incessantly exteriors as she speaks to Lennie. Moreover, for the period of the scene Steinbeck describes as such â€Å"And then her words tumbled out in a passion of communication, as though she hurried before her listener could be taken away†. The word â€Å"tumbled† recommends her frantic need to communicate to people, at the same time as the expression â€Å"passion† demonstrates her authority and strength needed to interconnect. Yet, what is predominantly conspicuous is she is used to people walking away from her when she speaks, this generates such consideration for her. In this chapter she is also presented as a moderate and approachable character, as Steinbeck describes â€Å"she consoled him. ‘Don’t you worry any’ [†¦] she moved closer to him and spoke soothingly. † The fact that she spoke â€Å"soothingly† suggests that she has a kind nature, and asked in a maternal way when Lennie needed such gentleness. The reader can then relate this sudden behaviour transformation and her upcoming, but the syrupiness she bounces off blurs the reader’s sight to floral it. All the way through the novel as similar to Crooks, Curley’s Wife is not named. This highlights her lack of identity on the ranch and how she is viewed as the property of her husband as well as the word â€Å"live† indicates that she also is a living human being who wants to fulfil her dreams and desires but it would be impossible for her. As a result of her insecurities, she tries to combat her loneliness and sequestration by resorting to violence. Her vicious attacks on Crooks to getting him â€Å"strung up on a tree† and the attacks on Lennie due to his mental disability show how loneliness can not only change a person, but destroy them. All of the emotions Curley’s Wife encounters come as a result of the loneliness she feels, and these clearly represent of what a terrifying character she is. Therefore Steinbeck describes Curley’s wife as isolated and discriminate due to her gender of a female throughout the novel. Equally, at the end of the novel, she is presented as innocent and purified from all the trouble through the description of her appearance. This can be seen in chapter 6 when Steinbeck explains â€Å"Curleys wife lay with a half-covering of yellow hay. And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young. Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly. The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted. As happens sometimes, a moment settled and hovered and remained for much more than a moment. And sound stopped and movement stopped for much, much more than a moment. † From this passage, the reader can acknowledge the real Curley’s wife but at the same time feel sorry for her as her dream was unfulfilled. The phrase â€Å"meanness ( ) plannings (†¦) discontent (†¦) were all gone from her face† shows that she is no longer vicious and dangerous as all the negativity vanished. Most importantly the phrase â€Å"roughed cheeks and reddened lips† conveys that her dream is unfulfilled and the repetition of â€Å"stopped† to emphasise stillness and the feelings of time standing still. Therefore Steinbeck does not present her as a negative character, but at the time of her death he shows the reader the real her as it was not her nature but nurture that made her what she was. In contrast Curley’s Wife at first is portrayed as a revolting unpleasant woman. Curley’s Wife is described by Steinbeck many times as â€Å"roughed lips and wide-spaced eyes. Her fingernails were red. † this causes the reader to think of her as he says so. Nonetheless, despite these brutal views of her, the reader is presented with a side to a seemingly flirtatious and sometimes malevolent character. The repetition of the colour â€Å"red† denotes the fact that she is very dangerous and cause lot of trouble as the colour red is frequently associated to blood and murder which foreshadows the scenes later on in the novel. An alternative interpretation could be that red is also represent as the colour of love and she is wanting to be love, but many readers would link it to her actress personality as most actress love to dress a lot. Not so long, Steinbeck describes her hair as â€Å"her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages,† and this simile shocks the reader because sausages are disliked and filthy, so linking it to her means that she is also disliked. Furthermore as sausages do not match with hair, the same way she is not suitable for a place like the ranch. Therefore Steinbeck portrays Curley’s wife as a woman who is dangerous and disliked by linking her with words that supports the point. John Steinbeck points out many flaws in Curley’s wife. For example, he does this when he writes, â€Å"she leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward† (Page 51). In this statement, Steinbeck is pointing out that Curley’s wife always tries to instigate something. He also describes her body image and how provocative she is, always looking for attention. Steinbeck says many more things to condemn Curley’s wife, but that is not all that he says about her. Steinbeck also defends Curley’s wife. He writes of how lonely she is, and describes her as innocent as the rabbits and puppy killed by another character, Lennie. For instance, Curley’s wife says, â€Å"Think I don’t want to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? †(Page 77). In this statement, Curley’s wife implies that she is tired of being lonely and wants to talk to other people. As much as Steinbeck appears to flip-flop on his view of Curley’s wife, readers can draw different conclusions.

Casino operations :: essays research papers

Pricing The Lakeside Casino Resort deals a lot with selling items as well as experiences. Every aspect of running the casino as well as all the other operations that keep the casino running has to be priced right and reasonable, from playing the casino games to ordering the food for the Wheelhouse Buffet. Casino Floor:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every game on the casino floor has to be purchased from a dealer. A blackjack table alone costs between $1,500 to $4,000 dollars, and on the floor there are 8 tables. Other games such as Three Card Poker and Let it Ride cost around $2,000 and the big tables such as roulette and craps cost $5,000 with the casino having 2 of each. All in total, the casino floor tables cost the casino $24,000. An investment that we think would help in our pricing for the casino floor would be reversible table covers, where a game can be changed to fit the popularity of the gamblers. This would cut the costs of the casino tables by a significant margin. Another big item on the casino floor is the slot machines. These are a huge revenue maker; each slot machine will bring in hundreds of dollars. A slot machine cost ranges from $1,000 to $3,000 and the casino floor has hundreds or slot machines spread around the casino in strategic locations. The slots machines vary in price from$10, $5 , $2, $1, 25 cents 5 cents to 1 cent. Bar:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Located in the casino is a bar. This bar can generate good revenue for the whole operation if the pricing is right. Drinks range from beer and wine to whiskey and vodka. Drink prices vary from $1.50 to $5 depending on the amount of alcohol content. How to Make the Money:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pricing of the casino has to be elevated in different levels for the costumers. Each gaming table has different prices to play and to have payback. The object is to get more people on the high price tables to if they lose you get more money. The demand for the high price tables is less then the lower priced gaming options, but more money is generated from the higher gaming options because more money is played with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pricing for other operations are obtained accordingly to the demand for each product or service. The Wheelhouse Buffet is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Each meal is set at a different price

Marketing of the white supremists groups

Before the American Civil War, white supremacy was born. White supremacy is basically the exploitation and oppression of the people and communities by the white people; for the given purpose of establishing, maintaining and defending the wealth, power and privilege. This white supremacy has established a culture that justifies and binds together the white people. White people are referred to as white American people and some nations also use the term for â€Å"Englishmen,† â€Å"Irishmen† or â€Å"Christians.† Between 1960s and 1970s, there was a depression in the nation’s history.The United States of America’s government was guilty of injustice and discrimination against their fellow Americans. Biased people get off the street and filled the area through out the country their purpose of committing this collective behavior is to emphasize the evils of the Blacks, Jews, the homosexuals, and the handicapped. Up to now, the considered â€Å"evils† of the society still suffers from verbal and physical abuse. At that time, the Americans were under siege of hateful demonstrations.White supremacy back then preaches hatred of the blacks and Jews, homosexuals and other minorities. Then hate crimes have sprouted everywhere. According to Summer in the text â€Å"anti-defamation†, there was an instance that occurred on the 10th of August 1999, O’Neal Furrow Jr. threatened a Filipino-American mailman by saying, †mail the letter before I shoot you!!† and it only happened after he tried to shoot kindergarten students with their teacher who are believed to be Jews.After what he had done, he was taken to custody and his justification for his action was that he wanted his actions to be a wake-up call for the American people to kill and eradicate the existence of the Jews. Though the act was wicked and sick, the accused was not charged of anything since the officer-in-charge is white. From this, it is assumed tha t white supremacy in a violation of human rights and only those you have experienced it are the only ones who can testify. There is no room for cases like this since you do not belong to the predominant group which is the white people. White supremacy entails the discrimination against the blacks thought they do not do anything back being black is already a sin. This mentality made â€Å"the blacks† the inferior race than â€Å"the whites†.White supremacy ideologically manipulates the United States politics and affects other institutions of the American society. There are criteria to classify racial categories such as economic status, social status and political status.   All of this is related with power acquisition.   The European model of supremacy does not actually teach to hate based on color and social stratification hence they just want to contaminate the nations to affirm the dominance of the whites.The white supremacy sprouted from the identity crisis of t he European nationalism. White Supremacy is said to be and ideological, structural, historical stratification process intentionally transmitted by Europe: to other races to promote advantages of the â€Å"whites†; to make the top-to-bottom mechanics work; and especially to make Europeans dominant based on color, gender, social status, ethnicity and religion.They want to be the dominant race because of the power relations accompanied by being dominant. Privileges of power are the most important thing since it involves the allocation of resources and making decisions. The process of White Supremacy is to plague the minds of other races to emulate the fear and inferiority based upon the qualities that they have. Well in fact, there is no material evidence to say that â€Å"whites† are the supreme beings.These are some of the evidence that there are methods used by the White Supremacy adherents to spread the bad word. First, they used religion as a tool. It is believed tha t the racists asked God for permission to hate other religions that do not worship God. Second, they use the media to spread their propaganda. A credible person would talk in a radio show fueled by a â€Å"hate-motivated† speech to assert what has to be done in the said to inferior races. Another form that they use is the use of the written-word, the newspaper.There are tabloids that they used to promote hate and discord with the other races and religions. In religion, they sent out pamphlets that tell how God has given them the power to kill and eradicate religion that has not been rooted for the white people. Another is through music, though most of them are banned now since they want to promote a harmonious relationship with blacks as they say. They used the music industry to spread hate by creating songs that are related with blacks and being racists is a good thing, that sort of themes.For the blacks, they have countered it with the hip-hop scene but they do not promote hate for white people, they express themselves by showing how kind they are and how passionate they are with music. Blacks never claimed that they are better it is just that whites are insisting to rub them to be inferior. Third, is that they used videogames to give the virtual reality a taste for those who crave to kill and abuse the inferior race.Videogames are not screened or monitored if they are created to have discriminatory them hence it is tolerated since it sells more. And also it has extreme access with the youth and the upcoming youth is the market for new white supremacy adherents. In a simple game of chess, one may might ask, â€Å"why the player with white pieces will make a move first?† This is very controversial since chess has been a long time game hence it spurred discrimination. It was said that the white pieces are the aristocrats and the black are the slaves. Hence, it was not provided that there is hierarchy between them. It is just that the white pieces are made to have distinction with the black pieces and being the first to move was never intended to be absorbed as its discourse.The White horde or the areas where white people is in abundance have shown evidence to exercise white supremacy. The rise in the migration trend on these countries have implied that there will be also a rise in the white supremist groups hence it was unintentional. Due to that, the justice system has improved their prevention and surveillance against these groups. If such group was established, it can be punishable by the law. White supremacy is a negative ideology to adhere with and its attacks are non-rational. We are rational beings. We should act in accordance to what the people act upon.If they are good, we must be good. If they are bad, rationalize the situation first before retaliation. We cannot be discriminatory based on color. Being black is not being aliens. Being non-Christian is being evil. This is not what we have wanted for our society to become. We label this deviant thinking and idea to for the wrong reasons. With this, we are creating a barrier between other races.This is bad for the hopes of the world to be harmonious. There is nothing we could do change are colors and our beliefs hence we should not make any prejudices and stereotypes against other races since it will promote vengefulness and discord among them. White supremacy should be thrashed as well the black supremacy. Black supremacy was in reaction to white supremacy and still the whites did not realize the implications and effects of they did.Overall white supremacy is a racist ideology. It promotes hate among groups and races that are not white in culture and in practice. The White Supremacy adherents are blinded by the false consciousness instilled by them. I think no one would claim who started this racist ideology because he must be ashamed of what he did. The use of other institutions even religion is a very sick mentality.With this, as our awarene ss, we should eradicate white supremacy at all costs. We must launch an effort against this. Racism and discrimination are not corruptors of society. We must not entertain any of these wrong ideas. Differences must not lead to discrimination. We are blinded by the differences that we have. We are being disillusioned by the fact that whites are made to be superior yet they just imposed it on us. There is no superior or inferior race, it just depends on the perception of how we understand things and conditions and act or react with accordance to these things. Differences are things that must bind us together thus it must not lead to human extinction. Human extinction will occur if these events continue to plague our minds.ReferencesAnti-Defamation League. (1999) A season of hate. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from http://archive.adl.org/1999_audit/summer_1999.htmlShepard, M.S.(2001) Funeral for gay hate-crime victim brutally murdered. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from https://smallbu siness.yahoo.com/Brown, A. (2000) White Supremacy. The Guardian, UK. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 f  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rom https://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/

Every Child Matters Act and the No Child Left Behind Act Essay

Robinson 3rd hour Flanders A barrier for ensuring that all children in our community receive a high quality education would be the Every Child Matters Act and the No Child Left Behind Act. Ed. Gov states, â€Å"President Bush made a commitment to ensure that all children receive a high quality education so that no child is left behind. In just one year after the president first took office, the No Child Lefty behind Act (NCLB) passed overwhelmingly. No Child Left Behind has led to higher standards and greater accountability throughout the nation’s school systems. No Child Left Behind provides the schools with more funding, gives states and school districts more control and more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most, holds schools and school districts accountable for results, and may provide your child with free tutoring and extra help with school work. When it comes to improving education in our state I believe our priority is to improve teaching, make better finical investments in our education systems, and coming up with better way to get students more involved and excited to learn. I believe we need to look at how much we’ve already spent and what were using the money for and evaluate what we are receiving in return. Opening college doors to more high school students who don’t have the funds to pay for it themselves is also another way in improving education in our state, allowing more students to have the opportunity to receive a decent education. Offering more and specific work related classes that interest the student and offering high more challenging courses for the students as well. But its not just about what the state and community can do, but its also up to the parents. Parents and Guardians play a big part in helping improve our education systems. The role of parent and parental involvement in improving education in our state is being involved. Regardless of the family income or background students with involved parents are more likely to earn higher grades and test scores attend school regular basis. Students with involved parents tend to have better social skills, improved behavior, and graduate on time and attend college. Children who have parents who aren’t there to push and motivate them don’t make it quit far. Parental support is always needed and a big part of parental involvement. If your parent doesn’t care about your education or is involved regarding you education you’re going to feel as if it’s not so important. Parents can become more involved by talking to their child and the child’s teachers, making sure they know who is giving their child the education and to be sure the child is working to their best of their ability. Physical environment affect school climate and student achievement by depending on what goes on inside or outside of school of the school will the feelings expressed by students, teachers, staff and parents about school. If the child is placed into a negative environment outside of school there’s a big guarantee that it will be brought back into school by that child. There’s also a chance that other students may pick up vibes from another student rather its negative or positive. When the child is placed into a good positive environment outside of school more than likely he or she will feel more better about themselves and bring that attitude back into the school as well. A well disciplined environment, learning environment, social environment, and school-community relations all affect the schools climate and the achievements of the students who attend. When students have to travel outside their neighborhood to attend a great school their family looses time, money, and energy. To put your child in a school that is better than their neighborhood schools probably cost more and is a bit embarrassing to the community or area you reside in. You’re using more gas to provide your child transportation to attend this school. It also takes up more time to take and pick your child up from a school that’s more than 20 minutes away from where you live. Now with a lot of students coming from poorly educated schools to attend the good schools they are making the â€Å"good† public schools in that particular area look bad. Most Africa-American communities don’t care about attending school or getting a good education. Everyone wants to make it out on their own but it seems as if the younger generations don’t want to make the first step in receiving a good education. They don’t take getting a education as serious as they should. But not all African Americans in a community feel that way. I believe the African-American communities stand beside other communities in America with the problems in the system. I believe the African Americans stand beside other communities because most of them don’t care. From the looks of things I believe most African-Americans have the wrong mentality about school and life.

AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Example

AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Example AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay AP Government Chapter 2 Summary Essay Essay Within the first pages of this chapter. we are introduced with the subject of the fundamental law and actions of Gregory Lee Johnson. The instance of Gregory Lee Johnson is about that of him firing an American flag and protesting that when the authorities became involved. it was against his freedom of address. This is where the fundamental law of the United States comes into drama and supersedes the ordinary jurisprudence. The inquiry though. what precisely is a fundamental law? A fundamental law is a nation’s basic Torahs. Basically it creates political establishments. provides rights for citizens and holds power within the authorities. The fundamental law besides holds the unwritten traditions and case in points that have been established. Most people do non ever hold with how the fundamental law is written and don’t ever agree with how the authorities is ran. but this fundamental law is the footing of how all things are ran. Following is the Declaration of Independence. Between 1775 and 1776 there was a enormous sum of discontent with the English and the Continental Congress was in session for that uninterrupted twelvemonth. When all the work forces were coming up with thoughts and a footing for the Declaration of Independence. most thoughts and propositions were adopted from John Locke who argued that worlds have all natural rights and are non dependent upon the authorities. Later this Declaration was written chiefly by Thomas Jefferson and adopted on July 4th. 1776. Basically this was written to denote and warrant the revolution that was go oning. Last. all the settlers needed foreign aid to conquest the most powerful state in the universe. Traveling back to to the full understand Locke and his thoughts. we take a expression at the thought that Locke was one of the most influential philosophers of this clip. John Locke built most of his doctrine on the thought of natural rights. Natural rights are rights built-in of people and who are non dependent on the authorities. Besides. John argued that the authorities should be built upon the consent of the governed. intending that people agree on who their swayersare. He besides argued that our state should hold a limited authorities so that there are limitations on what a swayer can make. As Locke was coming up with his doctrine. he came up with a superb thought that authoritiess should hold standing Torahs in which people know if an act is acceptable or non before making it. Now we come to the point of the authorities the failed. Congress was needed to do a program for the lasting brotherhood of the provinces and the first program to the fundamental law was the Articles of Confederation. The Articles merely ab initio established a legislative assembly with one house which was a large job at the clip and would be a large job today. There was no president at the clip. no national tribunal and the powers were highly limited for the national legislative assembly. After the provinces ratified this Article. jobs were still continuing. This included that Congress was merely able to keep an ground forces and naval forces. no more. All in all. Congress had no power. The lone advantage to the Articles of alliance was that when the new Constitution was written. the authors knew the things to avoid. Next was the issue of economic convulsion and the Shays rebellion. After the war. many husbandmans were left with a debt that could non be paid and were threatened that their farms would be lost. So in order to seek and pay this. many printed paper money which was worthless and tried to pay the outstanding debt back. Now the husbandmans felt a suspiration of alleviation when the Shays rebellion took topographic point. This was a series of onslaughts on courthouses to forestall the Judgess from holding husbandmans and their households foreclose on the farms. Now we officially decided to do a fundamental law at the Philadelphia convention. Fifty five delegates were chosen to compose what became the U. S. Constitution. Most these people were affluent plantation owners or successful merchandisers and attorneies. Most issue differed in the facet of arguments on big-issues to the opportunism of really little issues. Most work forces in fact did non portion the same political facet and some issues arose from this. In fact. all these work forces had a really misanthropic position point of human nature and believed that work forces love power. As the words of this papers were written. cabals arose up. Cabals are parties or involvement groups. Most of the delegates believed that if a authorities is ran by cabals. the authorities would be prone to instability. dictatorship and that of force. So. within the Declaration of Independence. there are three issues that arise. First was the issue of equality. This issue was fundamentally that of provinces coming up with different programs and trusting it would work. The New Jersey Plan. the Virginia Plan and the Connecticut Compromise were all different in facets of what should be done. Another issue was that of the economic system. The authors of the Constitution committed to a strong national authorities and agreed that the economic system was in complete catastrophe and confusion. The job was that paper money was worthless in some provinces and Congress was holding issues raising money due to the fact the economic system was in a recession. And in conclusion were the rights of an person. The Laminitiss agreed that it was of import to safeguard individuality and maintain menaces off from personal freedom. The Fundamental law offers protections. including that of continuing the right to a test by jury and that of non looking at a person’s faith to keep back them from a governmental place. Now we take a expression at the confirmation of the Constitution. In order for this Fundamental law to be processed. it needed to be ratified by nine of the 13 provinces. But there were jobs that occurred for this to be ratified because there were Federalists and anti-federalist. Federalists supported the Constitution and anti-federalists did non. This is where the large issue arose. Some of the differences these groups faced were one being that anti-federalists preferred a strong authorities while the Federalists preferred a weak 1. Another job was that the anti-federalists wanted a direct election of governmental functionaries and the Federalists did non. Last was the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was the first 10 amendments to the Constitution in response to the concerns of the anti-federalists. The amendments really give us the basic autonomies. that of freedom of address or faith. Yet the route to the Constitution and the confirmation of it was non easy. the work of these work forces made it possible and fought to do it work. Without the work of these work forces. We would non be where we are today and life as we know it would be wholly different.

Rohypnol (aka Flunitrazepam, Roofies) Fast Facts

Rohypnol (aka Flunitrazepam, Roofies) Fast Facts Rohypnol is the trade name for Flunitrazepam, a drug that acts as a sedative, muscle relaxant, hypnotic, and antidepressant. While Flunitrazepam is called Rohypnol when marketed by Roche, it is also sold by other companies under the names Darkene, Flunipam, Flunitrazepam, Fluscand, Hipnosedon, Hypnodorm,  Ilman, Insom, Nilium, Silece, and Vulbegal. Rohypnol may be taken as a pill or the pill may be crushed and snorted or added to a food or drink. What Does Rohypnol Look Like? Rohypnol is available as a pill, though the pill may be crushed and mixed into food or drinks or it may be dissolved in liquid and injected. The present form of the drug is imprinted with 542 and supplied as a 1-milligram dose in an olive green, oblong tablet which contains a blue dye that is supposed to be visible if the drug is added to a drink. Before that, Rohypnol was sold as a white 2-milligram tablet. Why Do People Use Rohypnol? As a prescription medication, Rohypnol is used as a pre-anesthetic medication and as a short-term treatment for insomnia. It may be used to treat the depression resulting from the use of cocaine, methamphetamine, and other stimulants. As a recreational drug, Rohypnol (roofies) may be seen at nightclubs, parties, and raves. The drug has been used in connection with rape and robbery to incapacitate the victim and prevent him or her from recalling the crime. Rohypnol may be used to commit suicide. What Are the Effects of Rohypnol Use? The effects of Rohypnol use may be felt within 15 to 20 minutes of administration and may last for over 12 hours. Symptoms associated with the use of Rohypnol include drowsiness, lowered blood pressure, muscle relaxation, headache, visual disturbances, dizziness, slurred speech, poor reaction time, confusion, memory impairment, upset stomach, retention of urine, tremors, and nightmares. One side effect associated with Rohypnol use is retroactive amnesia, where the person who took the drug cant remember events that occurred while under the influence of the drug. Although Rohypnol is a depressant, it may produce excitability, talkativeness, or aggressive behavior. An overdose of Rohypnol produces sedation, impaired speech and balance, respiratory depression, and potentially coma or death. Why Is Rohypnol Illegal in the United States? It is illegal to manufacture, sell, or use Rohypnol in the United States because taking it can produce physiological and psychological dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. The drug is legal in other countries (e.g., Mexico) and is smuggled into the US through the mail or other delivery services.

The Effects of Health Care Reform on Women and Children in America Assignment

The Effects of Health Care Reform on Women and Children in America - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that health care reforms should achieve universal and comprehensive insurance coverage, control cost, help purchasers, and add value, prevent the wastage of resources, and use an integrated approach. The exigence or urgency of the issue fuels the implementation of health care reform, to fulfill the needs of the vulnerable sections of society. The above type of claim is identified as Claim of Policy. This refers to the fact that the future course of action regarding health care reform for women and children has to be through further policy changes, which should be appropriately implemented. The claim or position of this paper is that children and women are a vulnerable group who require adequate reforms in health care provision, for improved quality of life. There is a requirement for controlling cost, assisting consumers, adding value, achieving universal coverage, and preventing wastage of funds and resources, for meeting the needs of childr en and women, including older and senior women. Moreover, an integrated approach to implementing the reform measures, along with mutual information sharing is considered essential. From the reduction of welfare rolls and the implementation of welfare reforms have emerged increasing numbers of uninsured children. This vulnerable and important group need Medicaid coverage on priority; children being relatively inexpensive to provide health care insurance, and also benefit from coverage, besides having a right to expect special consideration by virtue of their vulnerability. Similarly, older, senior women and poor, pregnant women are high risk and vulnerable groups for whom reform measures need to be improved. Lack of insurance prevents pregnant women from seeking prenatal care, leading to declining in the health of both the infant and the mother, and increased the possibility of infant mortality.

Effects of alum sludge and its application to farmland Research Paper

Effects of alum sludge and its application to farmland - Research Paper Example Even though I developed the insights within time constraints for completing the research, a reflection of the elements and further research has increased my knowledge and skills in completing a research report, a basis upon which I evaluate my research report. The most positive aspect of my experience in the research is completion of the research section. My preliminary research into the research identified significance of the results section and my efforts met the section’s role of describing collected data comprehensively. My results section described collected data from the experiment and offered necessary insights such as the optimal pH level for phosphorous absorption, 12, and negative effects of alum sludge on the level slaking and dispersion of soil. Data analysis section is another aspect of the experience that has highly positive (Ward, n.d.). The methods section however identifies the least positive aspects of the research experience. I was not able to incorporate essentials of the section’s elements such as definition of research design, research methods, data collection tools and their reliability and validity, as well as threats of researcher’s bias. My introduction into the report also failed to identify a research problem and research objectives and my literature review was not sufficient to establish a problem statement towards research questions and hypothesis into informed methodology (Rudestam and Newton, 2007; Gravetter and Forzano, 2010). Methodology section is the most significant area that I most plan to improve in because while it is core to the research process and determines validity and reliability of collected data besides the ability to collect desired data for analysis, the section was poorly developed. Even though its scope is wide, I have identified each of the aspects that must be considered for a proper methodology section. I therefore